The one remaining species is podophyllum peltatum, with common names mayapple, american mandrake, wild mandrake, and ground lemon. Carbon tetrachloride induced kidney and lung tissue damages. Factors influencing podophyllotoxin production in adventitious root. Production of podophyllotoxin from podophyllum hexandrum. We have evaluated the effect of variation in aryltetralin lignans on the radioprotective properties of podophyllum hexandrum. Common names include himalayan may apple and indian may apple. Sep 17, 2019 podophyllum is highly poisonous when taken by mouth. The hepatoprotective potential of podophyllum hexandrum extract was also evaluated in male wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride ccl 4induced liver damage. Podophyllum definition is the dried rhizome and rootlet of the mayapple that is used as a caustic or as a source of the more effective podophyllin.
This exoticlooking hybrid is a close cousin to our native may apple. Podophyllum peltatum, commonly called mayapple, is a rhizomatous, native missouri wildflower that occurs in both moist and dry woodland areas throughout the state. Other common names himalayan may apple himalayan mandrake. Radioprotective nature of podophyllum hexandrum himalayan mayapple. The perennial herb podophyllum hexandrum, bearing the common names himalayan mayapple or indian may apple, is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the himalaya. Podophyllum spotty dotty terra nova nurseries, inc. These are very waxy and go on to produce small, fleshy, deep pink fruits in. From a single stem, each plant grows 1218 tall and features one or two, deeplydivided, palmatelylobed, umbrellalike, pale green leaves to 12 diameter. Overall, the parts used for medicinal purposes are mainly the. Podophyllum prefers to be just slightly dry when dormant, so if condensation has formed on the inside of the bag you should open it, let it air out, then close it again.
Treating genital warts is done in a doctors office. Sinopodophyllum is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family berberidaceae, described as a genus in 1979. Podophyllum wikibooks, open books for an open world. Unlike our native podophyllum peltatum, podophyllum versipelle ssp. Pdf podophyllum hexandrum a versatile medicinal plant. Currently, the commercial source of podophyllotoxin is the rhizomes and roots of podophyllum emodi wall. Podophyllum resin topical for the skin is used to treat genital and anal warts in adults. The root and underground stem rhizome are used to make medicine. Podophyllum hexandrum health effects and herbal facts. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda.
Mayapple, podophyllum peltatum master gardener program. Gardens look out for hints of the beauty to come bemerging shoots, in their many wonderful shapes, are bringing life to dull scenes, lighting up trees and plants with promise peony bplump, with a perfect polish podophyllum hexandrum unwraps. It also has numerous applications in modern medicine by virtue of its free radical. Commercially exploitable sources of podophyllotoxin are few and currently it is obtained for drug use from dried rhizome and roots of podophyllum sps. Podophyllum is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family berberidaceae, described as a genus by linnaeus in 1753. Podophyllum hexandrum offers radioprotection by modulating free radical flux. Podophyllum is highly poisonous when taken by mouth. Podophyllum hexandrum s are becoming quite rare in their natural habitat, in fact, the plant is now considered endangered. Production podophyllotoxin by root culture of podophyllum. Pdf podophyllum hexandrum a perennial herb, bearing the common name. Podophyllum hexandrum wikispecies, free species directory. In the basis of a plantlets septic induced from m ature embryo of p.
Supplementation of the medium with both polyvinylpyrrollidone pvp and pectinase eliminated these problems. Nodding cupshaped white flowers develop in the leaf axils. It consists of the dried rhizome and root of podophyllum hexandrum royle podophyllum emodi. Mayapple is a native woodland plant that is widespread across most of eastern north america south to texas in zones 3 to 8. It includes only one known species, sinopodophyllum hexandrum, native to afghanistan, bhutan, northern india, kashmir, nepal, pakistan, and western china gansu, qinghai, shaanxi, sichuan, tibet, yunnan. Podophyllum article about podophyllum by the free dictionary. In pakistan, podophyllum hexandrum is on the verge of being endangered due. Plants and their phytochemicals, especially with free radical scavenging. Podophyllum hexandrum as a potential botanical supplement for the medical management of nuclear and radiological emergencies nres and free radical. Plant profile for podophyllum kaleidoscope hybrid may. In recent studies, we concluded that the leaf blades of the north american mayapple p. The popular cultivar spotty dotty is ah asian species, podophyllum delavayi is known as the chinese mayapple. Genus podophyllum are rhizomatous perennials with lobed leaves, varying in shape from hexagon to starburst, with a central stem.
Podophyllum definition of podophyllum by merriamwebster. Podophyllum hexandrum offers radioprotection by modulating. They are easy to keep in moist vermiculite as long as were well cleaned. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum himalayan may applerhs gardening. The one remaining species is podophyllum peltatum, with common names mayapple. Podophyllum is also used to empty the bowels, kill parasitic worms in the intestine, and counteract snakebite. Podophyllum hexandrum emodi seeds sinopodophyllum hexandrum syn. If youve only seen our native podophyllum peltatum, you have missed some of the great joys of the genus podophyllum. Podophyllum pleianthum may be considered the big daddy of the genus, with flat, hexagonal disklike leaves of shiny green that can be twenty inches across.
Development of suspension culture of podophyllum hexandrum. It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from july to august. The stems grow to 3040 cm tall, with palmately lobed umbrellalike leaves up to 2040 cm diameter with 39. Growing podophyllum hexandrum himalayan may apple from. Radioprotective activities of podophyllum hexandrum trees for life. Growing podophyllum from seeds, including dysosma and. Podophyllum resin topical is not for use inside the vagina, cervix, rectum, or urethra the tube for passing urine out of your bladder. Deoxypodophyllotoxin dppt is extracted from podophyllum peltatum, podophyllum pleianthum, podophyllum emodi podophyllum hexandrum, and diphylleia grayi hu et al. Hxs 45x45cm podophyllum peltatum is a rhizotomous, spreading perennial with palmate, sometimes mottled, leaves which push up through the soil in late spring like a furled umbrella. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, ishfaq hameed and others published podophylum hexandrum. As the cultures grew, reduction in cell viability, biomass and product yield were associated with browning of culture medium, clumping of cells and drop in medium ph. This valuable medicinal plant produces podophyllin which is an important anticancer drug. The peroxyl ion scavenging potentials of s1 and s2 were found to be comparable i. Nevertheless, some people take it orally for yellowed skin, liver ailments, fever, syphilis, hearing loss, and cancer.
Dec 07, 2019 if you get podophyllum resin in the eyes, flush right away with cool water and get medical help. Upright stems appear in spring, bearing huge umbrellashaped green leaves boldly marked with. October or the seeds placed in moist vermiculite in ziploc bags until sowing. Podophyllum hexandrum offers radioprotection by modulating free. Upright stems appear in spring, bearing huge umbrellashaped green leaves boldly marked with bronze and creamy silver. Crystalline white flower cups produce enormous brilliantred fruits, as large as a bantams egg.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. It can be a wonderful groundcover, outcompeting most weeds in a woodland garden or naturalized setting. Podophyllum hexandrum an overview sciencedirect topics. In the past, several species were included in the genus, but all but one have been transferred to other genera dysosma and sinopodophyllum.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of podophyllum hexandrum. Podophyllum veripellis and podophyllum hexandrum are two others with remarkable foliage. In the great continental divorce about 250 million years ago, most of the really cool mayapple species were on the wrong side of the great crack and got stuck in china. Study of anticancer and antibacterial activities of podophyllum hexandrum as natural curatives javaid aftab1, ejaz aziz2, asad zulqarnain 1, mubeen tabish nasim, aamir sajjad 1,muhammad qamrosh zafar and riffat batool1 1university institute of biochemistry and biotechnology, pir mehr ali shah arid agriculture university rawalpindi, rawalpindi, punjab 46000, pakistan.
Family berberidaceae genus podophyllum are rhizomatous perennials with lobed leaves, varying in shape from hexagon to starburst, with a central stem. Each plant bears a single stem crowned with one or two, large, very glossy, shallowlylobed 610 lobes each, umbrellashaped leaves to 1216 wide. Podophyllum hexandrum or himalayan mayapple bankakari growing in the high himalaya. Carbon tetrachloride ccl4 is a well known toxicant and exposure to this.
A way of production podophyllotoxin by root culture of podophyllum hexandrum royle p. Podophyllum hexandrum, free radicals, ccl4, antioxidant activity, anticancer. The antioxidant potential of the plant extract under in vitro situations was evaluated by using two separate methods, inhibition of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical. Antioxidant research is an important area in the field. Leaves alternate, palmate, up to 25 cm in dimeter, deeply divided in 35 lobes, toothed, purple spotted. Studies have shown that the podophyllum hexandrum is a difficult plant to grow indeed, and mass scale grow ops of the plant have so far proven a failure. Leaves alternate, palmate, up to 25 cm in diameter, deeply divided in 3. It has been shown that ferulic acid and methylenedioxy substituted cinnamic acid are the enzymes involved in ptox synthesis.
The plants are sometimes included in the family berberidaceae. Podophyllum hexandrum himalayan mayapple extract provides radioprotection by modulating the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis raj kumar, pankaj kumar singh, ashok sharma, jagdish prasad, ravinder sagar, surender singh, rajesh arora, rakesh kumar sharma. Podophyllum hexandrum is succulent erect herb, glabrous, up to 30 cm tall with creeping long knotty rhizomes. Find the perfect podophyllum hexandrum, stock photo. Podophyllum peltatum contains 45% podophyllum resin, whereas p.
Plant your podophyllum in part shade to full shade in loose and airy, humusrich, moist but welldraining woodland. Podophyllum peltatum is the only species in this genus in the barberry family berberidaceae. Podophyllum peltatum an overview sciencedirect topics. Radioprotective nature of podophyllum hexandrum himalayan. The upper part of the stem bears two large, opposite, and longpetioled palmatipartite leaves and one drooping white flower measuring. It forms dense colonies in open deciduous woodlands and other shaded sites. Growing podophyllum hexandrum himalayan may apple from seed. Pdf podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract as a potential. Citeseerx original article podophyllum hexandrum offers.
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, taken in potatso national park, shangrila, yunnan. The full text of this article is available as a pdf 114k. Podophyllum l an endergered and anticancerous medicinal. There are ethnobotanical records based on its healing properties in asian culture for the treatment of skin cancers as well as due to its purgative, emetic, cytotoxicity, antitumour and antileukaemic properties 11,19. The sought after species and hybrids are those from china, with some remarkable coloring as well a attractive flowers in spring. Podophyllum hexandrum royle of family berberidaceae is an endangered medicinal plant.
Another woodlander, podophyllum hexandrum exemplifies the insurgence of spring. Podophyllum a genus of plants of the family podophyllaceae. Podophyllum definition of podophyllum by the free dictionary. American podophyllum consists of dried rhizomes and roots of p. Find the perfect podophyllum hexandrum stock photo. Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract as a potential free radical scavenger. To learn more about this unique herbaceous perennial, read this article. A suspension culture of podophyllum hexandrum was established. The leaves are thick and textured, with prominent veins and often marbled or mottled in shades of green and brown.
Podophyllum definition of podophyllum by medical dictionary. They are woodland plants, typically growing in colonies derived from a single root. Podophyllum versipelle ssp boreale chinese mayapple for. These free radicals and ros created in the plant cellorgan culture. Pretreated rats were given ethyl acetate extract at 20, 30 and 50 mgkg dose prior to ccl 4 administration 1 mlkg, 1. Podophyllum spotty dotty get the latest free version of acrobat reader here. Flower color is purplelavender and blooms in spring. This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 19. Aug 23, 2011 podophyllum hexandrums are becoming quite rare in their natural habitat, in fact, the plant is now considered endangered. Antioxidant and protective effect of ethyl acetate extract of. Podophyllum pleianthum, commonly called chinese mayapple, is native to central and southeastern china. It is low to the ground with glossy green, drooping, lobed leaves on its few stiff branches, and it bears a pale pink flower and bright redorange bulbous fruit. Reactive oxygen species ros and other free radicals intracellularly.
Podophyllum hexandrum offers radioprotection by modulating free radical. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This is a shade loving, clumpforming perennial that typically grows to 1824 tall. The genus podophyllum consists of low perennial herbs that have a long, creeping rootstock. Podophyllum hexandrum royle sinopodophyllum hexandrum royle t. Study of anticancer and antibacterial activities of. In good moist soil this treasure is spectacular and very longlived. Pdf podophyllum hexandrum as a potential botanical. Culinary plants, deer resistant plants, dry shade plants, pollinator plants, medicinal plants, ornamental seed or fruit, plants from china, wet shade plants, podophyllum versipelle, buy. The tribe podophylleae, consisting of podophyllum including sinopodophyllum and dysosma and diphylleia, is rich in various podophyllotoxin lignans zhao et al.
Podophyllum hexandrum royle, commonly known as indian may apple. This very choice plant has marbled bronze, trilliumlike leaves, which erupt through the ground like folded umbrellas. Podophyllum hexandrum aqueous extract as a potential free radical. Antioxidant and protective effect of ethyl acetate extract. It is grow in forest of the himalaya from kashmir, tibet, afghanistan. Molecules free fulltext combined in vitro studies and.
Please be patient as pdf s may take a moment to load. Podophyllum versipelle ssp boreale aka chinese mayapple. Podophyllum hexandrum himalayan may apple pfaf plant database. Podophyllum is a genus of six species of herbaceous perennial plants in the family berberidaceae, native to eastern asia five species and eastern north america one species. Mayapple is a native wildflower with distinctive, deeply lobed, umbrellashaped leaves. This herbaceous perennial typically grows in colonies from a single root in open deciduous forests and shady fields, riverbanks and roadsides. Floral characteristics flowers are white to pinkish in colour, 4.